Looking for:
Compatibility and System Requirements | EndNote - Made for Agencies and Webmasters |
Tuesday, August 2, 2022
- EndNote X7/X8/X9/20 Windows: Install Word CWYW
EndNote Windows or Mac, Cite While You Write CWYW tools missing or disabled in MS Word.
Students, particularly those in college, are expected to adhere to rigorous codes of conduct that stress academic integrity, including prohibitions against plagiarism.
Steering clear of plagiarism, however, can be more difficult than it seems and the consequences can be severe. Read on to learn about practical preventative measures.
He graduated from Wesleyan University, with a degree in history and has spent over two decades working in journalism, as a writer, an editor, and a cultural critic. In teaching classes on magazine and feature writing, and news reporting, and serving as faculty advisor to the Randolph College student newspaper The Sundial, he deals head-on with teaching students about the issues surrounding plagiarism in academia and in the real world of publishing.
According to the LA Times, more than 1, allegations were reported. Punishment included writing a reflective paper, attending an ethical skills seminar, or expulsion. Plagiarism remains a pressing problem on college campuses. But what exactly is plagiarism?
Why is plagiarism considered such a serious issue? And, how has online research tools and new digital technological assets changed the way students and academic institutions approach the problem? The following guide focuses on these central questions to explore the nature of this complicated subject. Drawing on expert advice and the most up-to-date research in the field, this guide looks at various strategies that can help students navigate the confusing terrain of scholarly attribution, including how to quote and paraphrase properly, cite from relevant texts accurately, and draw safely on primary and secondary source material without raising the red flag of plagiarism.
It will also delve into some of the new online resources that are aiding students and faculty in the fight against plagiarism and offer step-by-step guidelines on how to recognize and avoid it. In practice, however, there are a number of distinct aspects that constitute an act of plagiarism and that distinguish plagiarism from other kinds of academic violations.
Individual schools, institutions, and disciplines may employ somewhat different definitions. Plagiarism is defined as presenting someone else's work, including the work of other students, as one's own.
Any ideas or materials taken from another source for either written or oral use must be fully acknowledged, unless the information is common knowledge.
In academic writing, it is considered plagiarism to draw any idea or any language from someone else without adequately crediting that source in your paper. It doesn't matter whether the source is a published author, another student, a Web site without clear authorship, a Web site that sells academic papers, or any other person: Taking credit for anyone else's work is stealing, and it is unacceptable in all academic situations, whether you do it intentionally or by accident.
Some actions can almost unquestionably be labeled plagiarism, such as buying, stealing, or borrowing a paper including copying an entire paper or article from the Web ; hiring someone to write your paper for you; and copying large sections of text from a source without quotation marks or proper citation.
But then there are actions that are usually in more of a gray area, such as using the words of a source too closely when paraphrasing where quotation marks should have been used or building on someone's ideas without citing their spoken or written work. Sometimes teachers suspecting students of plagiarism will consider the students' intent, and whether it appeared the student was deliberately trying to make ideas of others appear to be his or her own.
However, other teachers and administrators may not distinguish between deliberate and accidental plagiarism. The rapid growth of a new medium for communications and research — the Internet — has complicated matters to some degree. First release in May of , Episode IV: A New Hope then simply entitled Star Wars quickly became the highest grossing film of all time as it redefined the cinematic use of special effects and ushered in a new era of the Hollywood blockbuster.
In many colleges and universities, plagiarism is an academic violation that falls under purview of a larger honor code, which requires students to adhere to various standards of behavior. Lying, cheating, and stealing are three of the elemental transgressions prohibited by an honor code. But what if a student meant to credit the original author? However, lying and evidence of willful deception compound the offense. I tell my students that there are three ways to look at plagiarism and its potential ramifications.
The first is that it amounts the law of the land in academia. But attending college is a privilege. All colleges and universities have an academic code of conduct, that covers plagiarism and other forms of cheating, and those that violate the code can face serious consequences. As he battles for the Republican presidential nomination, Senator Rand Paul has had to fight off accusations that he used plagiarized material in several speeches and in one of his books.
One incidence of plagiarism on a college transcript is a reflection of who that person is and what they represent. Whether intentional or accidental, plagiarism can occur in several different ways.
Below is a breakdown of the most common situations. One way to view these issues is in terms of a paradigm shift in what is expected of students as they transition from high school to college.
A typical high school writing assignment might require students to read and then summarize a text, whether it is a section in a social studies textbook or a chapter in a novel, in order to shore up reading comprehension, and develop expository writing skills. Because the students are only drawing on one text, attribution and citation are generally reserved for direct quotes. In college, however, students move beyond summarizing individual texts and into the more complicated realm of synthesizing ideas from a variety of sources.
They are expected to read and research beyond the confines of a single book, chapter, or essay, and to use critical thinking skills to weigh different arguments, compare and contrast conflicting viewpoints, and weigh in with their own analysis of the issue or subject.
Summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting directly from sources are now integrated into writing that also requires students to express their own ideas. And that, understandably, adds up to a far more complicated and potentially confusing process. Facts, ideas, and language that are distinct and unique products of a particular individual's work do not count as common knowledge and must always be cited. One of the first areas of confusion regarding plagiarism that students coming from high school to college are apt to confront is the question of what constitutes common knowledge and, therefore, does not require attribution.
In general, simple factual information and common expressions are not subject to plagiarism restrictions; however, complex ideas, analyses, opinions, and interpretations are subject, and should be cited. The Wikipedia. One could argue that the detail about the sale is also potentially common knowledge, but it never hurts to cite a source.
One of the common areas of confusion and misunderstanding for students wrestling with the concept of plagiarism is paraphrasing and summarization. Both are useful strategies in writing when used properly. Additionally, it also may not amount to a successful paraphrase or summary.
Either way, it does require a citation. Paraphrasing involves reformulating a quote or restating a premise or point taken from a discrete section of text for the purposes of clarity or style. It can be useful for simplifying overly technical language, for updating antiquated language, or for bringing into sharper focus a specific concept or idea raised by the author.
A summary takes a larger section of text, perhaps even an entire chapter or essay, and boils it down into one or several key points that have specific relevance. As a result, a paraphrase is often roughly the same length as the original text, while a summary is always significantly shorter. It is impossible to read Huck Finn intelligently without understanding that Mark Twain's consciousness and awareness is larger than that of any of the characters in the novel, including Huck.
Indeed, part of what makes the book so effective is the fact that Huck is too innocent and ignorant to understand what's wrong with his society and what's right about his own transgressive behavior. Twain, on the other hand, knows the score. One must be skeptical about most of what Huck says in order to hear what Twain is saying.
One of the things that make the novel so good is that Huck remains blind both to the ills of his society and to the things that are good about his own rebellious behavior. In her essay on teaching Huck Finn, Dr. In music, sampling refers to a process by which bits and pieces of existing song compositions are cut and pasted together into new works. A writing technique in which a writer weaves together material from several different sources, almost word-for-word, with his or her own words and ideas, and fails to acknowledge or cite the original sources.
The result is a mixture of plagiarized material and original content. The question is, does patchwriting amount to plagiarism? Or, is it something else? We have come to think of patchwriting as an unsuccessful attempt at paraphrasing. It could be: a writer could deliberately patchwrite rather than go to the trouble of paraphrasing successfully.
In our own experiences as writers, teachers, and adjudicators of plagiarism cases, however, we believe it seldom is. Think of it as stringing together quotes from various sources without providing context or synthesis.
Many students—and non-students—get confused about the difference between plagiarism and copyright infringement. Copyright gives an owner several exclusive rights under the federal Copyright Act. According to the U. Copyright Office, those rights include:.
An individual who does any of the above without receiving permission from the copyright owner may be liable for infringement. All rights apply to both published and unpublished works.
There are a number of different ways to formally cite sources in academic works and in the publishing world outside of academia. Depending on the professor, the discipline, and the institutional policies, footnotes, endnotes, or parenthetical citations may be preferred.
For the purposes of avoiding plagiarism, the key is simply to make sure sources are clearly cited one way or another. Losing points for style may not be ideal, but it beats being brought up on plagiarism charges.
Something new happened in Huck Finn that had never happened in American literature before. It was a book, as many critics have observed, that served as a Declaration of Independence from the genteel English novel tradition.
Huckleberry Finn allowed a different kind of writing to happen: a clean, crisp, no-nonsense, earthy vernacular kind of writing that jumped off the printed page with unprecedented immediacy and energy; it was a book that talked.
Huck's voice, combined with Twain's satiric genius, changed the shape of fiction in America, and African-American voices had a great deal to do with making it what it was. Huck Finn changed the shape of fiction in America. It allowed for a new type of writing to happen, independent of the genteel English novel tradition. It jumps off the page with immediacy and energy. And it crucially incorporates the voice of African-Americans.
A big part of what makes Huck Finn such an important literary landmark, according to Fishkin, is the degree to which it freed American writing from the constraints of British novel, incorporating earthy vernacular and African-American voices. Huck Finn is an important landmark in American literature because, in using the earthy vernacular and African-American voices, it cast off the constraints for the genteel British novel.
Fishkin cites Huck Finn as an important landmark in American literature because, in using the earthy vernacular and African-American voices, it cast off the constraints for the genteel British novel. Indeed, most plagiarism — the accidental or unintentional cases — happens exactly when one would expect it to. Students are anxious about their grades, pressured by deadlines, unsure of how to properly cite, disorganized in their research, and doing their best to put the final touches on a paper at the last minute.
Every school has a student handbook and most are accessible online. Find out how your school defines plagiarism, what the penalties are, and what other resources might be available.
For example, more and more colleges and universities have writing centers that can help students get a handle on the issues surrounding plagiarism and the right way to write and cite.
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
[% Working] Free Microsoft Office Product Key - Recent Posts
[% Working] Free Microsoft Office Product Key - Recent Posts Looking for: 2010 microsoft office product key generator free - Click here...
-
Microsoft office home and business product key 2010 freefree - Looking for: Microsoft Office Product Key Free. Click here to DOWNLOAD ...
-
Microsoft office powerpoint 2010 for windows 7 free.Microsoft Office Looking for: Microsoft PowerPoint - Download Click here to DOWNLOA...
No comments:
Post a Comment